New Land Essay Example for Free

New Land Essay At the point when Europeans settled in the â€Å"New Land†, they had difficult time adjusting living with the Indians. Be that as it may, the Indians dreaded what Europeans brought, for example, weapons. There was an immense distinction between the tribes’ weaponry and the European in view of their amazing advances with the most dynamic rifles. The flintlock rifle was another weapon that the Indians had figured out how to utilize, which end up being â€Å"too substantial, unwieldy, and off base to be valuable in the sort of battle normal for Anglo-Indian struggles† (Brinkley 50). Later on they needed the Europeans to carry on as â€Å"fathers† to help them in their debates and clashes (Brinkley 60). Logically, Europeans figured out how to satisfy a portion of their desires. The Indians didn’t comprehend the significance of the connections between social orders, besides Europeans â€Å"thought significantly more as far as service and kinship† (Brinkley 60). The Indians were very fulfilled to frame nearer connections and doing wedding functions. After 1776, the level of influence among Europeans and Natives Americans slackened on account of the nearness of British and American (Brinkley 61). It started to debilitate the quality of their relationship since it was hard for the fresher pilgrims to offer blessings to them and the interventions (Brinkley 61). The â€Å"middle grounds† were demolished supplanting other developed structures by the Europeans. It made different clashes that prompted by and by hard to adjust. It appeared that both Native Americans and early Euro-Americans had an affection detest relationship that made their relationship so difficult to set up harmony and congruity. Toward the starting the clans feared the advances Europeans had with their weapons, however they got the opportunity to be educated by them on the best way to utilize the weapons. When Europeans were attempting to pick up trust to them, Indians were in the should be secured and to shape new connections. So far, the two of them wound up having issues once again in light of the fact that Europeans were desire to gain more land in A tribal area.

Pay and Job Performance Essay -- Business Management Studies:

Basically assess this announcement: Managers who depend just on pay to rouse their workers to more elevated levels of occupation execution will consistently be disillusioned n the outcomes. Pay is one thing that causes numerous disparities inside the work condition. Most representatives proceed to attempt to assist themselves in work ordinarily with the desire for better compensation; incidental advantages for example organization vehicles, benefits, etc. There are in any case, the individuals who show â€Å"highly persuaded conduct where financial prizes are low.†[1] This reference concurs with the above proclamation, be that as it may, all through this paper I will summarize where pay can be viewed as a decent inspiration and where outward benefits come up short. Content scholars, for example, Maslow and Herzberg take a gander at needs and what gives individuals the drive to work. A comparable subject emerges in the various speculations which on face esteem appear to be contradicting they all glance at ones want to work so as to fulfill their necessities. To begin, Maslow accepted there is a pecking order with respect to what makes individuals work. The first being for endurance. Individuals need fundamental necessities for example, food, water and safe house. Those in this gathering are most certainly not fundamentally ineffectively inspired yet are absolutely attempting to fulfill needs. The second degree of five is for security reasons for example a sheltered work condition †employer stability. Thirdly Maslow trusted some are spurred by the requirement for social connection, companionship with individual partners. This is comprehensive of a feeling of having a place. Further up the progressive system is the requirement for status. At the point when a worker is caused to feel significant and required in an occupation this will spur them to progress admirably. In conclusion is close to home desire called self-actualisation. This is a degree of complete fulfillment. For Maslow, pay is the most reduced in the entirety of the helpers. He accepts you climb the scale towards self-inspiration. In any case, his hypothesis has been met by much analysis. It very well may be viewed as â€Å"patronising and elitist regarding the qualities it expresses.†[2] People can accomplish total self-inspiration from exercises they accomplish outside of work for example childcare, for these workers they can have arrived at a higher request prior to fulfilling the lower ones. It is likewise for all intents and purposes difficult to sum up everyone’s qualities and shortcomings as every individual is an person. The hypothesis is likewise frequently repudiated by research, for example, the investigation by Hall and Nougain. (1968)[3] in all actuality... ...r difficult work appeared in their exhibition. Taking everything into account, the paper has demonstrated conditions where pay fills in as a inspiration and where it fizzles. The mind-boggling feeling is that pay is fine as a transient help however when it is utilized persistently laborers can get dependent and it can squeeze worker relations as well as urging them to work only for monetary prize. Directors won't generally be disillusioned with results as clarified yet there are different approaches to inspire which have appeared to deliver consistently great outcomes, for example, work enhancement and causing representatives to feel as in spite of the fact that they truly matter. As I would like to think, chiefs who use pay motivating forces can accomplish great outcomes however from perusing the articles as proof my recommendation is use them sparingly. [1] Organizational Behavior †assembled by A. Beauregard page 201 [2] Organizational Behavior †assembled by A. Beauregard page 204 [3] This examination â€Å"examined the adjustments in requirements of a gathering of people.† OB †A. Beauregard page 205 [4] Organizational Behavior †aggregated by A. Beauregard page 205 [5] Organizational Behavior †aggregated by A. Beauregard page 206 [6] Harvard Business Review

Overview of the Electra Complex in Psychology

Overview of the Electra Complex in Psychology Theories Personality Psychology Print Overview of the Electra Complex in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 12, 2019 Wonwoo Lee / Image Source / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The Electra complex is a psychoanalytic term used to describe a girls sense of competition with her mother for the affections of her father. It is comparable to the male Oedipus complex. According to Freud, during female psychosexual development, a young girl is initially attached to her mother. When she discovers that she does not have a penis, she becomes attached to her father and begins to resent her mother who she blames for her castration. As a result, Freud believed that the girl then begins to identify with and emulate her mother out of fear of losing her love. Resolving the Electra complex ultimately leads to identification with the same-sex parent. The History While the term Electra complex is frequently associated with Sigmund Freud, it was actually Carl Jung who coined the term in 1913. The term itself is derived from the Greek myth of Electra and her brother Orestes, who plotted the death of their mother for revenge of their fathers murder. Freud developed the underlying ideas of the Electra complex, although he did not term it as such. Freud rejected the term and described it as an attempt to emphasize the analogy between the attitude of the two sexes. Freud referred to a daughters tendency to compete with her mother for possession of her father as the feminine Oedipus attitude or the negative Oedipus complex. It was Jung who went on to dub Freuds feminine Oedipus attitude as the Electra complex. Freud and Jung were originally close friends and colleagues, but Jung increasingly grew dissatisfied with certain aspects of Freuds theories. He felt that Freud emphasized the role sexuality played in motivating human behavior. Eventually, Jung resigned from his psychoanalytic affiliations and acrimony grew between the two men. How Does the Electra Complex Work? According to Freudian theory, an important part of the developmental process is learning to identify with the same-sex parent. During the stages of Freuds theory of psychosexual development, the libidinal energy is focused on different erogenous zones of the childs body. If something goes wrong during any of these stages, a fixation at that point in development might occur. A fixation is a persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Such fixations, Freud believed, often led to anxiety and played a role in neurosis and maladaptive behaviors in adulthood. Freud described the feminine Oedipus attitude complex as a daughters longing for her father and competition with her mother. The daughter possesses an unconscious desire to replace her mother as her fathers sexual partner, thus leading to a rivalry between daughter and mother. The Electra complex is thought to take place during the phallic stage, ages 3 to 6, of psychosexual development, during which time daughters spend more time with their fathers, flirting and practicing sexual behaviors without sexual contact. What Are Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development? A number of defense mechanisms  play a role in resolving the Electra complex. It is the primal id (a component of personality present from birth) that demands the child to possess her father and compete with her mother. To resolve the conflict, these urges and desires must first be repressed from conscious memory. Freud also suggested that when a young girl discovers she does not have a penis, she develops penis envy and begins to resent her mother for sending her into the world so insufficiently equipped. Eventually, this resentment leads the daughter to identify with her mother and incorporate many of the same personality characteristics into her ego. This process also allows the daughter to internalize her mothers morality into her super-ego, which ultimately directs her to follow the rules of her parents and society. Freud believed that it was this process that also leads children to accept their gender roles, develop an  understanding of their own sexuality, and even form a sense of morality. Although Freud admitted that he knew less about the sexual life of little girls than little boys. Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalytic Theories of Women A Word From Verywell The Electra Complex is not widely accepted among mental health professionals, who often view Freuds ideas about psychosexual development as outdated and sexists since they rely on century-old gender roles. That said, research does show that children learn about gender roles and sexuality from their parents, so its always wise to set a good example. If youre concerned about your child’s sexualized behavior, a mental health professional can conduct an assessment and make treatment recommendations to address sexual behavior problems.

Evaluation Based On Their Episodic Memory - 1745 Words

Introduction Eyewitnesses are required to provide testimony based on their episodic memory to aid the investigation in courtroom. Idealistically, eyewitnesses are able to provide details of crime scene accurately. However, the interference during the process of encoding and retrieval of episodic memory may impair eyewitnesses’ memory. In Megreya and Burton (2008) research, it was found that witnesses were less capable to encode faces in traumatic events. Because of flashbulb effect, some witnesses may hold a belief that they can vividly remember the details of crime scene despite their memory was somehow flawed. It poses an adverse effect on criminal justice system as the subjective judgment of eyewitnesses’ identification contributed to more than 75% occurrence of 239 DNA exoneration cases. (Ask Granhag, 2010). During the retrieval process, Therefore, cognitive psychologists and scientists conducted decades of methodological research to improve the accuracy of eyewitn esses’ memory. This essay would mainly focus on how ‘cognitive interview’, one of the widely studied scientific techniques since 1980s that corrects the errors and deficiencies of memory retrieval during conventional police interview. Discussion Police often relied on eyewitnesses’ testimony to determine the solution of cases (ref). Before the development of cognitive interview, techniques like asking closed-ended questions and leading questions were frequently adopted in interview process (Loftus Zanni,Show MoreRelatedSummary : General Psychology. Landon Horsch. Apa Style Citation1586 Words   |  7 PagesAPA Style Citation: Saive, A., Royet, J., Garcia, S., Thà ©venet, M., Plailly, J. (2015). What-Where-Which episodic retrieval requires conscious recollection and is promoted by semantic knowledge. Plos ONE, 10(12), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143767 Summary: I. Abstract Pg.1 - The conscious retrieval of events from the past is defined as episodic memory - Having a recollective experience or a feeling of knowing may not be sufficient, but it remains unresolved - The experimentRead MoreLanguage Processing And Memory Retrieval903 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past, cognitive studies on language processing and memory retrieval was mostly focused on monolingual speakers. The idea of bilingualism and its effect on memory is relatively new, but it is also considered as a rising topic in the field of psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, and second language studies. In 1993, Javier, Barroso, and Muà ±oz conducted a research with a group of Spanish-English bilingual speakers. They emphasized that language is a powerful retrieval tool and a cue toRead MoreDifferences Between Male And Female Brain1536 Words   |  7 PagesAre there physical differences in the male and female brain? Are there gender differences in memory? If there are differences, do they begin as early as childhood or adolescence? As we age, and experience life, are men or women more superior in the recollection of memories? Even a novice in the study of gender and memory c ould presume that male and female’s brains are different, and they would presume correctly as evidenced by the results of many studies performed and the articles written to recordRead MorePsychology Chapter 7 and 8 Vocab870 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 7 * Encoding-entering/getting information into your memory; forming a memory code * Storage- saving information into your memory over time * Retrieval- being able to recall information from memory * Tip- of-the-tongue phenomenon- when you know certain information but have difficulty being able to recall it. * Attention- focusing your awareness to certain thing * Structural encoding- emphasizes the physical structures of a stimulus * Phonemic encoding- emphasizesRead MoreA Research Study On Alzheimer s Disease1394 Words   |  6 Pagesread, studies were performed to detect working memory (WM) deficits through behavioral, functional, and structural changes amongst nonimpaired, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s adults. Further investigation of tracking WM and executive function skills over time, were performed. In addition, to biomarker analysis, can identify individuals during MCI as being at risk for progression towards AD†, (Kirova, A., et.al, 2015, p.1) â€Å"As we age, memory becomes more prone to errors and distortions.Read MoreEvidence Suggesting Three Plausible Functions Of Sleep1312 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude mental health (Jackowska et al, 2011), cardiovascular disease (Kronholm et al, 2011) and memory (Hu et al, 2006). The key aspects are explained in detail with regards to studies. The findings from the studies will help justify the function and it’s involvement with sleep. Sleep is important for an individual’s well being, survival, brain development, emotional regulation, cognitive function, memory, and in order to protect mental and cardiovascular health. An individual should sleep for 6-8Read Moreevaluation of the WMM2112 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿CEP – Evaluation of the Working Memory Model Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model was extremely successful in terms of the amount of research it generated. However, as a result of this research, it became apparent that there were a number of problems with their ideas concerning the characteristics of short-term memory. Building on this research, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they called working memory. Baddeley and Hitch (1974)Read MoreThe Effects Of Repetitive Head Impact On Athletes Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesFor example, the movie â€Å"concussion† was released in December 2015 start an uproar of the media consider of the early focus on professional football players due to the game built around quick and full contact between powerful players. The movie was based off a true-life story which unfolding in September 2002, when Omalu was assigned to perform an autopsy on the body of Mike Webster. He discovered the presence of tau prote ins. The proteins would cause impair moods and cognitive function upon accumulationRead MoreThe Stages Of Memory And How The Staged Interact2295 Words   |  10 PagesMemory is one’s ability to encode, retain and recall stored information of what happens, happened or what is happening in our daily life. Memories not only demonstrate the brain’s complexity but also not simply recorded and neatly stored. Our memories are selected, constructed, and edited not just by us but by the world around us. In 1960s, Atkinson and shiffrin developed the three model of how our memory system for example information enters from our physical environment through our senses intoRead MoreShort-Term and Long-Term Memory Loss1129 Words   |  5 PagesForgetting in Short-Term and Long-Term Memory: The memory of human beings is similar to that of computers because it allows individuals to store information for later or future use. However, the storage of information in humans involves three major processes i.e. encoding, storage, and retrieval. The encoding process basically involves transforming data into meaningful form like association with an existing image, memory, or sound. This is followed by holding on to the information through a physiological

The Concept Of Human Security - 1454 Words

Traditionally, security is understood as national security. However, this notion proves to lack of a comprehensive understanding because the nature of conflicts is changing, and the state is no longer the sole object to be protected. Therefore, many scholars have suggested a new concept in terms of security, which is security for human. The concept of human security has been regarded as controversial since its introduction in the world politics. However, it is undeniable that the concept has been developed in recent decades to make it a useful tool for security studies. To examine to what extent the concept of human security is a useful one, this paper would consider both the positive and negative side of the concept for academic and policy-making purpose. In the first part, I would explain the origin as well as the definition of the concept to show that it has broadened the notion of security. Then, I will demonstrate its achievements in the world politics, particularly, human secur ity has been adapted in policies of some developed countries in the world. Also, the concept is strengthened by the introduction of the Responsibility to Protect in 2005. In the second part, I will explore some critiques on the concept, mainly for its vagueness and broadness. Those are the disadvantages of the concept which cause difficulties for the scholars and policy-makers to do research about security. First of all, human security is a useful concept because it expands and redefines theShow MoreRelatedThe Concept of Human Security: A Step Against the Genocide of the Israelis1636 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Security Human Security The history of the year 1974 plays a vital role in the development of one of the important concepts ever invented, Humans security, when the US government had successfully formed alliance with the NATO nations and their forces against the German Nazis to stop the genocide of Israelis. With this accomplishment, soon a tension arose between the US government and NATO Administration. This tension mainly arose due to different establishments that were being made by theRead MoreTraditional Security vs Human Security1349 Words   |  6 PagesTRADITIONAL SECURITY VS HUMAN SECURITY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS INSTRUCTOR: SURAT HORACHAIKUL 12/13/2012 TRADITIONAL SECURITY VS HUMAN SECURITY 2012 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2. TRADITIONAL SECURITY VS HUMAN SECURITY .................................................................................... 3 2.1. TRADITIONAL SECURITY ........Read MoreThe Common Denominator of Security and Feminism600 Words   |  3 Pages2 The Common Denominator of Security and Feminism Feminism is more than an intellectual enterprise, refers to the area where theory and practice meet, it is about the struggles of the women`s movement and the theory that flows from their experiences, about women`s security understanding that transform our understanding of men`s security. The link between feminism and security points out that understanding security issues needs an enlargement to include specific security concerns and beliefs of womenRead MoreThe Differences Between State Security and Human Security Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesState security basically entails the tendency of a nation adhering to its own set of demands in regard to the issue of security policies (Baylis, J.2010, p.233).Traditional security also involves a host of other aspects that are defined by virtue of subordination. Describing the matter further reveals that state security is primarily the protection of available institutions, ethics or values within a nation, and above all human beings living inside its boundaries (Brauch, 2003, 204). State securityRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention Is An Unacceptable Assault On Sovereignty Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesviolations of human rights that offend every precept of our common humanity? Kofi Annan, Millennium Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2000 With this citation the Secretary General of UN took the responsibility to support the humanitarian intervention. The defence of this principle and the realization of this task rely on the UNSC, the only authority accountable of the determination of any threats to the international peace as the article 39 of the UN Charter says: â€Å"The Security CouncilRead MoreHow Safety Is An Essential Human Need Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Safety is an essential human need. Implementation of this need is determined by the level of development of the state, its economic and cultural components, and the degree and quality of life. In the history of social and philosophical thought, the problem of security of the individual, society, and the state has always occupied the minds of politicians, public figures, scientists, writers, and practitioners. Therefore, this paper will focus on Plato, Plutarch, and Arendt’s understandingRead MoreInternational Law Threatens Western Countries1262 Words   |  6 Pages Firstly, violations of international law generally refer to violation of human rights. Human rights are a complex area in international theory and practice. It is considered as International Human Rights Law in its legal manifestation (Cali, 2010:282). The International Law Commission defines the concept that crime against humanity contravenes peace and security (Cali, 2010:282). Since mid nineteenth century, the concept of international law exists. It covers citizens in all states and countriesRead MoreA Research Project On Cyber Security1230 Words   |  5 Pages11/04/2015 Cyber Security Introduction: - for my research project, I would like to explore about the cyber security measures. Cybersecurity covers the fundamental concepts underlying the construction of secure systems from the hardware to the software to the human computer interface, with the use of cryptography to secure interactions. These concepts are easily augmented with hands-on exercises involving relevant tools and techniquesRead MoreContemporary Mainstream Approaches : Neo Realism And Neo Liberalism1527 Words   |  7 PagesRealism and Neo-realism are close in name, they aren’t that close in ideologies. Both theories differ on their definitions of power and anarchy along with their respective model structures of the international system. Two neo-realist branches study security strategies; these branches are offensive and defensive realism. Offensive realists often agree with the traditional realist ideologies, while defensive realist, often confused with their neo-liberalist counterparts, be lieve that relations amongstRead MoreStrategic Objectives Of The United States Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesthe security challenges against terrorism in East Africa, specifically Somalia. I will use the Ends, Ways, and Means model to discuss the US strategic objectives, concepts, and resources. First, strategic objectives (or ends) will be developed based on national interests. Second, strategic concepts (or ways) will be presented in order to explain how the strategic objectives can be accomplished. Third, this paper will examine resources (or means) required to support the strategic concepts and objectives

Brave New World the Alienation of John in Both Cultures...

Cursed to a life of isolation because of his appearance, values, and outrageous thoughts, John was alienated mentally, emotionally, and physically in both the Savage Culture and the World State Culture. Torn between keeping true to his virtues and conforming to society, the treatment of John highlights the values of both cultures in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World. Not looking like the rest of the Indians on the reservation hampered Johns ability to fit in with the Savage society. John wanted more than anything to be a part of the Indian culture, to be part of the ritual, to give his life. Why wouldnt they let me be the sacrifice? Id have gone round ten timesÂâ€"Ââ€" twelve, fifteen. John asked why, but he knew the answer. But they†¦show more content†¦You ought to have asked me first whether I wanted to meet them. John was sick of being shown to people and gawked at. The rift between Johns values and the rest of the civilized people was further split when Lenina tr ied to have John. Whore! cried John when he realized what she was doing, Damned whore! His beliefs were tested and he passed. The new world was so different than the reservation, Lenina and the rest of society was pushing him further and further away. They had mocked him through his misery and remorse, mocked him with how hideous a note of cynical derision! Fiendishly laughing, they had insisted on the low squalor, the nauseous ugliness of the nightmare What was paradise to some, was hell to John. The brave new world he had dreamed of was turning out to be a nightmare. Isolating himself from the rest of the world was his only escape. In a last attempt to change society, John halted a soma distribution by throwing the rations out of a window. But do you like being slaves? John didnt understand because he didnt have the same upbringing or beliefs as the rest of the people. Before long John had become a hermit, secluded in an abandoned lighthouse. After all, it was not to sing and enjoy himself that he had come here. It was to escape further contamination by the filth of civilized life; it was to be purified and made good; it was to actively make amends. To keep himself focused and away fromShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1278 Words   |  6 Pagesanother note, he said it is â€Å"a potent, even enriching.† Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, expands on this idea of exilation. Throughout the novel, several characters are faced with being exiled, whether it be from their home or community. In particular, a man by the name of John seems to experience the bulk of it. John’s experiences show that being exiled is alienating and, at the same time, enriching, while also portraying the effects of a world with complete government control over technology andRead More`` Brave New World `` By Aldous Huxley1185 Words   |  5 Pagesanother note, he said it is â€Å"a potent, even enriching.† Brave New World, by A ldous Huxley, expands on this idea of exilation. Throughout the novel, several characters are faced with being exiled, whether it be from their home or community. In particular, a character named John seems to experience the bulk of it. John’s experiences show that being exiled is alienating and, at the same time, enriching, while also portraying the effects of a world with complete government control over technology and lifeRead MoreTar Baby And Brave New World Analysis2052 Words   |  9 Pagesand â€Å"Brave New World’. In the novel, â€Å"Tar Baby†, by Toni Morrison she uses allegory, symbolism, and theme nature vs civilization. To illustrate how the character Jadine in the novel is away from her native place, making her feel different. Whereas, in the novel, â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley, who uses utopia, dystopia, symbolism, and the theme of identity to portray how the character John the Savage, does not fit into the World State or the Savage Reservation Society. Showing that both two-differentRead MoreIsolation In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World And The Kite Runner1543 Words   |  7 PagesWe all deal with alienation, both internal and external, throughout our lives: it is an unavoidable condition that universally afflicts all humans. However, oftentimes we can alienate ourselves from other people more than is necessary, putting a divide between us and the rest of humanity by no fault but our own. Both John and Amir in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Khaled Hos seini’s The Kite Runner face great internal struggles with alienation throughout their whole lives, many times making thingsRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 1433 Words   |  6 PagesOn the topic of alienation, Brave New World presents four characters who are/feel alienated from a utopian society that circulates around the motto â€Å"Community, Identity, and Stability.† In a world that revolves around a caste system, there are five divisions and in this novel the Alphas and the Betas are the two groups allowed to communicate with one another. As for the Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons, they go through the Bokanovsky’s process which undergoes alcohol treatment and oxygen deprivationRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1518 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Brave New World Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is a very graphic novel that exemplifies the problems of modern society with a fictional setting that dates far into the future. However, the one feeling that Huxley describes most is the feeling of complete loneliness, even when surrounded by the very materialistic desires that were created for complete joy. This story revolves around one character in particular that portrays the theme of self loathing loneliness the most, and that is John â€Å"theRead MoreReview Of Brave New World 1779 Words   |  8 Pages2H August 19, 2015 Novel Play Review Notes: Brave New World Key Quotation â€Å"Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all.† (149) The idea of complete access in Brave New World actually elucidates the confinement in which the citizens of the modern world are living in. Everyone must subject to one another’s desires and motives, seemingly being treated like property. Consequently, the fact that all the members of this society play both the role of master and slave demonstrates thatRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash 1662 Words   |  7 Pagesand later on starts revealing the events that lead to the plot. For example, in the beginning you see different cultures interacting with each other on a certain level being very cautious about what a person does. You can immediately see the distinction between the different social and racial class. Where we see an exact portrayal on this reference is in the scene where the officer John Ryan pulled over a navigator just like the one that was called in over their radio. Although the officer had noRead MoreAnalysis Of Bright Star By John Keats1542 Words   |  7 PagesStar†, dedicated to his lover Fanny Brawne, John Keats presents the essence of love in passion and in depth. As its form, a combination of Shakespearean and Italian sonnets suggests, the poem portrays love as a subject full of seemingly contradictive qualities. As a subjective matter, love is active and passive, physical and spiritual, mutable and eternal at the same time. Holding immortal love as the ultimate value of life, the speaker imagines a brave possibility of love transcending life for hisRead MoreThe Anti-Hero Essays2060 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground (1864/2008) comes across as a diary penned by a self-described â€Å"spiteful† and â€Å"unattractive† anonymous narrator (p. 7). The narrator’s own self-loathing characterized by self-alienation is so obvious, that he is often referred to by critics as the Underground Man (Frank 1961, p. 1). Yet this Underground Man is the central character of Dostoyevsky’s novel and represents a subversion of the typical courageous hero. In this regard

Selfhelp Groups Essay Research Paper Selfhelp groups free essay sample

Self-help Groups Essay, Research Paper ? Self-help groups consist of persons who portion the same job or concern. Members provide emotional support to one another, learn ways to get by, detect schemes for bettering their status, and aid others while assisting themselves ( Wituk, Shepherd, Slavich, Warren, A ; Meissen, 2000 ) . ? There are several ends to self-help groups. When polled, 61 per centum of self-help groups said that their most of import end was supplying emotional and societal support to members. Thirty-two per centum said that supplying information and instruction to members was the most of import end. A few other ends were protagonism, particular events, and fundraising. Some of the supports to members in self-help groups are telephone support, equal guidance, and buddy systems. With such overpowering statistics, it? s a shame that most societal workers wear? T know of any self-help groups other than Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. There are 100s of groups that societal workers should be familiar with so that they could mention clients to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Selfhelp Groups Essay Research Paper Selfhelp groups or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ( Wituk et al. , 2000 ) . The scene of self-help groups is normally pretty relaxed. Groups are affiliated with either a national group or a local group. Social workers are non ever involved with self-help groups. The 1s that are inv olved are non ever the leaders, but simply person that helps the conversation along ( Wituk et al, 2000 ) . Social Workers need to larn what self-help groups there are in their country, so they can mention their clients to them. Social workers can acquire a transcript of the National Self-Help Sourcebook to larn about groups in the United States. They should exhaustively look into out these groups to do certain that they are still working before they refer clients to them. Social workers should maintain a record of all the self-help groups that they can happen in their country. This list should besides be kept up to day of the month. Clients should be referred to several plans so that they can take which plan they think will suit them best. One really of import thing for societal workers to retrieve is that self-help groups are non meant to replace professional aid. However, groups are frequently a stable environment that persons can acquire a batch out of ( Wituk et al. , 2000 ) . Mentions Wituk, S. , Shepherd, M. , Slavich, S. , Warren, M. , A ; Meissen, G. ( 2000 ) . A topography of self-help groups: An empirical analysis. Social Work, 45, 157-163. Wituk, S. , Shepherd, M. , Slavich, S. , Warren, M. , A ; Meissen, G. ( 2000 ) . A topography of self-help groups: An empirical analysis. Social Work, 45, 157-163.

Titus, Hamlet And Prospero Are All Characters That Plot Revenge Agains

Titus, Hamlet and Prospero are all characters that plot revenge against those who wronged them. There are similarities and differences in the ways they decide to deal with their vengeance. Both Titus and Hamlet use death as their source of revenge. Titus kills the Queen of the Goths son, Alarbus, not unlike Hamlet who kills the Queen of Denmark's husband, the King, Claudius. The two of them both kill for a family member so they can rest in peace. Titus for his sons, and Hamlet for his father. However, Titus kills Alarbus quickly and without hesitation. On the other hand, Hamlet moves slowly to kill Claudius making sure he is the one to kill. Titus and Hamlet killed out of love for their blood. Hamlet and Prospero both dealt with their situation differently although the outcome was the same, they got the revenge they wanted. Hamlet used his sword for vengeance and everyone ends up dying except for those chosen few. Conversely, Prospero uses his magic to teach his lesson and no one dies. Inversely, they are similar because they both made everyone think the opposite of what actually was. Hamlet made everyone think he was crazy. Prospero had everyone believing he was dead. The two were both betrayed by their own blood and handled the case in a different way. Titus and Prospero both know exactly what they need to do. Neither one of them pause or delayed their revenge, no unnecessary time was lost. Diversely, with Titus everyone seems to die, but, with Prospero death is not in his plan. To avenge his sons' death is what Titus wants. Prospero wants to gain his dukedom back. They both knew what they wanted done and did it. Achieving revenge for what they believe is a characteristic that they all share. Although their methods differ the results are alike in the way that all three accomplished what they needed to move on.

Free Essays on Blue Stuff

Book Description Concerned for her family’s financial welfare and eager to expand her own horizons, Agnes Grey takes up the position of governess, the only respectable employment for an unmarried woman in the nineteenth century. Unfortunately, Agnes cannot anticipate the hardship, humiliation, and loneliness that await her in the brutish Bloomfield and haughty Murray households. Drawn from Anne Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own experiences, Agnes Grey depicts the harsh conditions and class snobbery that governesses were often forced to endure. As Barbara A. Suess writes in her Introduction, â€Å"Brontà « provides a portrait of the governess that is as sympathetic as her fictional indictment of the shallow, selfish moneyed class is biting.† This is the personal story of 19th century Englishwoman Agnes Grey. It is written much like a diary. It shares Agnes's experiences of leaving her sheltered family life to become a governess and the joy and sacrifice she endured What one reviewer at amazon said about Agnes Grey: After reading "Wuthering Heights" (by Emily), "Jane Eyre" (by Charlotte), and "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall" (by Anne), I found myself slightly disappointed by the lack of passion and romanticism in Anne Bronte's "Agnes Grey". This novel truly is simple, unpretentious, and down-to-earthand, therefore, far too easy to underestimate and undervalue. The title character is the younger daughter of a poor family, who seeks employment as a governess in order to help her parents make ends meet. This noble act of maturity on her part earns her nothing but disillusion, humiliation and hardship in the hands of the tyrannical children and over-indulgent parents of Wellwood House (Note the intriguing initials W.H., which stand for Wuthering Heights and Wildfell Hall in other Bronte books) and, later, Horton Lodge. For several chapters, Anne Bronte does not do much butdare I say it?complain about the lot of the Victorian governess. Th... Free Essays on Blue Stuff Free Essays on Blue Stuff Book Description Concerned for her family’s financial welfare and eager to expand her own horizons, Agnes Grey takes up the position of governess, the only respectable employment for an unmarried woman in the nineteenth century. Unfortunately, Agnes cannot anticipate the hardship, humiliation, and loneliness that await her in the brutish Bloomfield and haughty Murray households. Drawn from Anne Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own experiences, Agnes Grey depicts the harsh conditions and class snobbery that governesses were often forced to endure. As Barbara A. Suess writes in her Introduction, â€Å"Brontà « provides a portrait of the governess that is as sympathetic as her fictional indictment of the shallow, selfish moneyed class is biting.† This is the personal story of 19th century Englishwoman Agnes Grey. It is written much like a diary. It shares Agnes's experiences of leaving her sheltered family life to become a governess and the joy and sacrifice she endured What one reviewer at amazon said about Agnes Grey: After reading "Wuthering Heights" (by Emily), "Jane Eyre" (by Charlotte), and "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall" (by Anne), I found myself slightly disappointed by the lack of passion and romanticism in Anne Bronte's "Agnes Grey". This novel truly is simple, unpretentious, and down-to-earthand, therefore, far too easy to underestimate and undervalue. The title character is the younger daughter of a poor family, who seeks employment as a governess in order to help her parents make ends meet. This noble act of maturity on her part earns her nothing but disillusion, humiliation and hardship in the hands of the tyrannical children and over-indulgent parents of Wellwood House (Note the intriguing initials W.H., which stand for Wuthering Heights and Wildfell Hall in other Bronte books) and, later, Horton Lodge. For several chapters, Anne Bronte does not do much butdare I say it?complain about the lot of the Victorian governess. Th...

Virgin and Child with Four Angels Research Paper

Virgin and Child with Four Angels - Research Paper Example The dimensions are not very impressive. The artwork is relatively small. It is 63 cm tall and 39 cm wide. Wonderful use of light and shade gives the viewer a glazy feel. The painting has been developed on a wooden panel. The subject is all about Virgin Mary holding her son Jesus (in the form of a little baby). The depiction shows the mother and the child has very human-like rather than angel-like structure. The scene is that of Virgin Mary being anointed the Queen of the Heaven by four angels. Nevertheless, the artist has depicted the scene on the backdrop of contemporary cityscape (Harbison, 160-165). In this way, contemporary metropolitan environment has been admixed with the Biblical mythology. However, the facial expressions of Virgin Mary and the four angels appear to be very serious but serene and full of heavenly pity. The painting is of oil-on-panel variety, where the artist has laboured hard to create fine details. Use of several colours along with copious illumination has been accomplished with the help of brushstrokes and different oil-based shades. Medieval Europe used to be a very religious place. Religion played a key role in not only socio-cultural life, but also in the continent’s politics, municipality, architecture, military, ethics, etc. The art and architecture of Europe at that time clearly reflected this social situation. Christianity influenced the Medieval European population heavily, and the artwork Virgin and Child with Four Angels is a very important example of this reality. Common people used to buy lots of artefacts dedicated to Christianity, and many contemporary pictures and paintings depicted Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, and other historic or mythological characters (Borchert, 144). Gerard David was no exception to this tendency, and he used his artistic skills professionally. In his time, he might have earned considerable amount of money by creating and selling artworks depicting scenes from Christian texts and Biblical

SOCIOLOGY (BOOK HOWELL and COSTLEY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SOCIOLOGY (BOOK HOWELL and COSTLEY) - Essay Example n is considered to be one of the most important factors and all most all the companies look for new methods to motivate the employees and to bring out the best out of them. This paper will focus upon the different leadership behaviors and the best leadership behavior which should be adopted to meet the company’s goals. Leader effectiveness is determined by what people do, not by some inherent personal characteristic... Im not saying personal characteristics dont help; they certainly do. But leaders have to adapt their behavioral styles to fit the situations in which they find themselves" (p. 7).   Howell says the good news is most people can learn leader behaviors and learn to recognize situations in which certain behaviors are most important.   Howell and Costley (2001) argue for the match of leader behavior, leader traits and characteristics, follower characteristics, and the situation at hand.   And there are seven leader types, fit for various behavioral processes and situations in my read of their leader theory: And now we have left the obsession with one best style of leadership. There is no universal style. There is as I have suggested, a dimension of behaviors running between Transactional and Transformational. The behavior school to this point is fixated on the transactional. To find transformational we must sail to the Isle of Situation.† ( Howell and Costley, 12 September 2008). The same principles of Howell and Costley are elucidates in the paper. There are mainly five major behavior patterns namely, supportive behavior, directive behavior, participative behavior, reward and punishment behavior and charismatic behavior. Every behavior pattern has its own pros and cons. But the behavior pattern which works out the best is undoubtedly reward and punishment behavior. In this the terms and conditions are made very clear to the employees, any breach of these terms and conditions result in punishment, on the other hand if the employee performs well,

Replacing Fossil Fuels | Dissertation

Replacing Fossil Fuels | Dissertation Abstract This research provides guidance as to the most successful style of renewable energy in replacing the current dominant fossil fuels in the future. This success is based on a number of key variables, not least the implications of cost, management and longevity that are intertwined with developing, installing and running a renewable energy source. The case-study focused on the four main types of renewable energy, solar power, wind power, biomass energy and geothermal energy and came to some interesting conclusions. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative research was used, with the majority of the findings coming from the qualitative research. However, the quantitative research was in the form of two case studies highlighting the effectiveness of two types of renewable energy in certain household situations and how the energy can replace that of traditional fossil fuels. The findings show that while no one particular renewable energy type gained a majority backing from the research, knowledge about these types of energy is still perhaps too limited for any person to make a correct and informed choice as to the development of renewable energy. The qualitative research indicated that there are many strengths and weaknesses to each type of energy, while the quantitative research stressed that in certain situations renewable can be very effective. Another key finding of the literature was that general knowledge and understanding of renewable energy is not at an acceptable level in terms of the general public and leads to the recommendation of increased awareness. Aims and Objectives This section is designed to provide a detailed overview of the research aims and objectives of the present dissertation and the research questions that the study will try to answer in as comprehensive a manner as possible within time and resource constraints. Research Aim The aim of this study is to establish the possible options for renewable energy available in the United Kingdom for future use. This will be conducted through a comparative analysis of the four main types of renewable energy currently available, solar energy, wind, biomass and geothermal energy. The main aim of the research is to: o Identify successful alternatives to the non-renewable energies in the United Kingdom In order to achieve this, a number of objectives will need to be met. The aim of the research is to be able to conclude with clarity, the most attractive option or options available to the United Kingdom and its government in terms of renewable energy, for the current day and moreover, into the future. The uncertain prospect of the traditional non-renewable energies, coal, oil and natural gas, have meant that renewable energies have had to be developed with the aim that in the future, these newer, more environmentally friendly options will gradually take over the burden of energy supply in the United Kingdom. Research Objectives Based on the research aim outlined in the previous subsection, the research objectives that the present study will seek to achieve are as listed below: o To undertake an investigation into the four main sources of renewable energy; these include Solar Energy, Wind, Biomass and Geothermal energy. o To gain an understanding of the history and development of these energies is needed to fully understand the extent to which the United Kingdom can rely on them in the future. o An analysis of the benefits and disadvantages of each particular type of renewable energy o To explore how well the government is backing renewable energy with incentives o To examine the financial implications – to gain an insight to how much renewable energy will cost in installation, what grants are available? o To examine design implications – installation of renewable sources, aesthetic, dimensional requirements. Research Questions There are particular research questions that will need to be addressed when attempting to analyse possible future energy alternatives. These include: * How significant is the extent of cost when attempting to replace non-renewable energies with the more environmentally friendly types? * How far does the government wish to develop all four types of energy? Do they have a particular idea as the market share that each one should ideally hold on providing energy to the United Kingdom? * What can history tell the research about the likelihood that these renewable energy methods will succeed over a longer period? * Can (and will) these renewable energies ever fully replace the non-renewable energies that the United Kingdom (and globally) has relied heavily and dependently upon since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution? The research will attempt to address these questions and objectives whilst trying to meet the aim of the entire project; identifying successful long term strategies to replace dwindling non-renewable energy sources with abundant renewable sources while still enabling the United Kingdom to grow and hold its position of relative power and influence on a global scale. 1: Introduction Ever since the realisation that non-renewable energy sources (coal, oil and natural gas) are exactly as the description suggests, and that the level of these are reducing rapidly due to the global appetite for energy consumption in the continuing race for power, influence and development, it has been apparent that renewable energy sources would have to be developed to enable this global growth to continue. The United Kingdom, whilst overtaken in recent years by countries such as the United States and China in terms of energy consumption, has had a history intertwined with this notion. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in the United Kingdom in the 18th Century, acted as a catalyst for the rapid consumption of a large proportion of the world’s traditional, non-renewable energy sources. This has led to the necessity of developing renewable energy forms to supplement these more traditional energy types, with the aim to take over the burden of energy supply in the future. Brown (cited in Miller Spoolman, 2008:211) states that in terms of history, the 19th Century belonged to coal and the 20th Century to oil. However, the 21st Century will belong to the sun, the wind and energy from within the earth. This belief is widely held for a number of reasons and highlights the importance that the development of renewable energy sources has on the current agenda of policy makers and governments on a global scale. However, this will prove to be a difficult challenge. As Sawin (2004) stresses, over the previous decade, the World Bank funding for fossil fuel projects (totalling $26.5 billion) far exceeded that for renewable energy (Sawin, 2004:13). It is this type of obstacle that can make the development and mainstreaming of renewable energy difficult to implement and is why it is so crucial to research this issue, highlight the financial costs of renewable energy as a long term successor to the fossil fuels and increase public knowledge of renewable energies an d their benefits. The renewable energy options are possibly limited to four main types. Whilst many various options have been and are being developed by researchers and scientists, only four are currently at a stage where they could develop enough energy to be able to supplement and then eventually succeed non-renewable energy. These are highlighted as solar energy, wind power, biomass and geothermal energy (Tiwari Ghosal, 2005:17). These four types of energy will therefore form the focus of the research with each particular strand of energy being investigated to establish whether it is feasible that any one (or perhaps a combination) of these energies can ever be relied upon to replace fossil fuels. This is the long term aim of renewable energy, whilst at the current time, they are still on the periphery in terms of usage when compared to non-renewable energy forms. The research will identify strengths and weaknesses of each of the four types of energy, particularly focusing on people’s opinions and other variables such as cost, performance and design issues that may gain or lose support depending on the results. The research will be conducted through two different approaches. Firstly, there will be a qualitative analysis of the literature available on each of the four main sources of renewable energy. This coupled with official government information detailing about each type of energy will form the majority of the research. In this manner, the proposed research will be qualitative based. However, the success of the mixed method approach to research, as championed by Maxwell (2005:183), highlights that the research should include quantitative data research as well. This will be conducted through two case studies, analysing the effects of two of the renewable energy sources on a small scale. These will be focused around particular individ uals’ attempts to use a form of renewable energy to replace more traditional fossil fuel energy in their home. The quantitative data achieved by these two samples will provide evidence as the success of the renewable energy type in replacing more established non-renewable energy in an everyday life situation. This will enable the research to identify key areas that surround the debate over renewable energy sources and the suitability of each of the four main types in their possible future role as the majority providers of energy to the United Kingdom. 1.1: Solar Energy Solar energy is perhaps the most prominent of all the renewable energy sources currently available. Solar energy has existed in many forms for thousands of years (Craddock, 2008:28). He stresses that early users of solar energy include the Romans who used the suns’ rays to heat their rooms and designed south facing windows to make use of the heat provided by the sun. In the modern era, technology has developed rapidly and solar energy is now seen as much technical and efficient than ever before. The literature review will analyse solar energy and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of the energy as a possible candidate for large scale usage on a national level. As Figure 1 highlights, when the sun’s rays shine upon a solar panel, the effect converts the light energy to electrical energy. In this instance, the power from the solar panel is directly proportional to the amount of light shining on it, so if the light from the sun is three times as bright on a particular day than the previous day, then you will receive three times the power. (Stubbs, 2008:4) The development of solar energy has occurred due to the understanding that our current way of life cannot continue if we remain economically dependent on fossil fuels. A champion of solar energy, Scheer (2004) supports the theory that it is imperative that we make comprehensive use of solar energy, not just to augment fossil fuels but to replace them before they either run out or critically damage the world through pollution and dangerous emission levels (Scheer, 2004:4). There are two main formats that solar energy takes. These are passive and active formats (Craddock, 2008). A passi ve solar energy system uses the sunrays directly to heat water or gas. The active system converts the sun’s energy into electrical energy by using a photovoltaic semiconductor material called solar cell (El-Sharkawi, 2005:89). The researcher also provides evidence that solar power can be relatively low in terms of its efficiency stating that the electrical power output of the solar panel, arrived at by multiplying the solar power input by the efficiency of the panel (Figure 2), can often produce a low amount of energy. The energy produced in the equation above is only high enough to power two light bulbs. This can be countered by increasing the size of the panel and the efficiency of the panel. These two changes will increase the output (El-Sharkawi, 2005:89). Developments made recently should, according to Jones (2003:48), allow solar cells to operate more efficiently. The recent innovation of solar concentrators is used in solar thermal technology to generate heat to power turbines. With solar concentration technology, mirrors or lenses focus light onto specifically designed cells. The older versions of solar cells have solid absorbing layers that require clear skies and direct sunlight to produce energy. However, new solar concentrators follow the sun’s path through the sky during the day allowing a better chance at finding direct sunlight. This highlights that solar power is increasing in efficiency and from a relatively un-technical beginning, solar power is now a real possibility at pr oviding alternative power to fossil fuels in the future. 1.2 Wind Wind power is perhaps the most striking of all of the recent developments in renewable energy. The wind turbines that adorn high peaks across the country are constant reminders of the attempts by the government and industry to develop renewable energy. Wind power is generated through the utilisation of large scale convective currents that carry heat from lower latitudes to more northern destinations. These create rivers of air that are used by newly developed wind turbines to generate power. (Figure 3) Winds are strongest at high peaks and specifically more frequent and at their strongest along the shores of lakes, seas and oceans, restricting the placement of wind turbines to coastal regions in many parts of the world (Gipe, 2004:24) As Figure 4 highlights, the power of wind can be increased to almost two hundred percent of its normal speed as it reaches the crest of a peak, thus ensuring the positioning of the wind turbines. These have led to many criticisms of the aesthetics of the turbines, given that they are large and seen as imposing by some onlookers. The wind turbines can produce a large volume of energy but are dependent on nature and days of unusually low wind speed can reduce the effectiveness of the turbines remarkably. When the wind speed is above the level needed to produce the maximum efficiency, no power losses are achieved in the system. It is only when the wind speed drops below the necessary level that the efficiency of the wind turbine drops (Hau, 2006:489). There are a number of strengths and weaknesses of wind power and these will be assessed in the literature review. However, the UK has increased its share of the wind turbine market recently (at an average rate of 35% per annum) in its attempts to increase the percentage of which all electricity generated will come from renewable sources by 2020 (This has been set at 20% : Government White Paper, 2003). There are various types of wind turbines, in different shapes and sizes, developed to harness the wind power at a particular geographical location. The main two versions of the modern wind turbine are based around the axis. The two different types are the horizontal axis and the vertical axis. The horizontal axis (Figure 5 above) is the most commonly seen in the United Kingdom and is popular due to the high efficiency rating. The higher the tall tower base, the higher the wind speed and the more output that can be created. This is why the horizontal axis is the most popular. However, this is also one of the disadvantages with complaints arising about the sight of these wind turbines on the horizon from many locals when they are installed. Vertical axis wind turbines (Figure 6) are less common in the United Kingdom. These vertical axis turbines are less common due to the fact that they are generally less efficient, because of the nature of its rotation and the stress on the blades. This leads to frequent replacements and therefore a higher cost. They are, however, less tall than horixontal axis wind turbines and therefore less of a distraction on the horizon for those that are angered by the horizontal axis types. 1.3 Biomass Biomass energy is defined as any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel source derived from recently dead biological material. This is opposed to fossil fuels that come from long dead biological material. Biomass constitutes the largest non-hydroelectric renewable source of primary energy in the United States and its presence is growing rapidly in the United Kingdom (Turner Doty, 2009:443). This is highlighted by Chiras (2006:21) who stresses that many countries are now turning to biomass as an alternative fuel source due to its relative ease in creating energy and the low cost involved. Biomass includes a wide assortment of solid fuels, such as wood, and liquid fuels such as ethanol derived from corn and biodiesel, a liquid fuel made from vegetable oils. The wide variety of forms that biomass can take can be found in figure 7. Biomass is remarkably popular as an energy source, as stated previously due to the low cost and relative ease at obtaining the materials needed for conversion. The three main conversion types are anaerobic digestion, fermentation to alcohol and the thermal process which produces a range of fuels and by-products including methane, methanol and ethanol that can produce heat, power and light, as well as fertilizers and fibres that can be used to produce food, textiles and plastics. (Figure 8) This range of products and power that it can produce make it very flexible and attractive to those who support the development of renewable energy. However, one key advocate of biomass energy states that currently most use of biomass energy is not clean or sustainable. The pollution caused by burning wood, manure and agricultural waste is causing severe health problems. It is also true that some energy crops have a bigger energy and environmental cost than they return. Thomas (2007:44) indicates that if biomass is to be a vital part of the future energy mix then there needs to be methods developed to process and use it in sustainable way over a long period of time. Biomass energy has accounted for over thirty percent of the United Kingdom electricity generation from various renewable energy types over the past five years. This amount is only second to that of hydro power (Institute of Physics Report, 2010). Although the total amount generated by renewable energy is still relatively small compared to that of traditional fossil fuels, it highlights that if biomass can be developed on a larger more industrial scale, and if more environmentally friendly processes can be created, then the usage of biomass technology may increase dramatically in the near future. Support within the United Kingdom exists for the development of the biomass energy industry. A recent report (European Wind Energy Association, 2009:524) highlights that the United Kingdom government has developed grant schemes (funds reserved from the New Opportunities Fund) for investments in energy crops and biomass power generation of at least  £33 million over three years. This will ho pefully enable the biomass industry to develop cleaner, more sustainable methods of creating biomass energy that can be used on a much larger scale. 1.4 Geothermal Geothermal energy is identified as power extracted from heat stored in the earth. It has a long history of use, from simple ways such as bathing to the modern use; that of generating electricity. In recent years, geothermal power has developed but still only supplies around 0.5% of the global electricity. Geothermal power is identified as cost effective, reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly. However there are setbacks in the development of the energy. The main negative aspect of geothermal energy is that it is has been historically limited to regions that are close to or on tectonic plate boundaries (Craddock, 1998) Geothermal power works through a relatively simple process, exploiting the heat of the earth and transforming it into electricity. Figure 9 highlights how this process occurs. Capehart (2007) underlines the abundance of geothermal power and states that the resource base for the power can be drawn from shallow ground to hot water and rock several miles below the Earth’s surface to even further down, to molten rock known as magma (Capehart, 2007:377). There are three types of geothermal power plants operating in the world today. These are dry steam plants, flash steam plants and binary cycle plants. Dry steam plants directly use geothermal steam to turn turbines. Flash steam plants pull deep, high pressure hot water into lower pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive the turbines. Binary cycle plants pass moderately hot geothermal water by a secondary fluid to flash to vapour and then this vapour then drives the turbines (Capehart, 2007:337). Geothermal energy is seen as very reliable in that it has an average system availability of 90-95%. This is far higher than other sources of renewable energy. There is however a negative aspect in the aesthetics of the geothermal power plants, with many scholars highlighting the unattractive nature of the plants (figure 10) as well as negative public opinion on this matter (Saunders, 2007). The benefits of geothermal power have been harnessed by countries such as Iceland and the United States for a number of years but only now is the United Kingdom beginning to realise the potential of this renewable energy process. An article by Morris (2009) notes that with the recent development of planning for the United Kingdom’s first geothermal energy plant, the most suited region may be that of Cornwall due to the granite located there lending itself to the process. Morris (2009) emphasises that those behind the Eden scheme believe that Cornwall could provide as much as 10% of the United Kingdom’s electricity for the next one hundred years from geothermal plants. He also identifies other granite basements in the north of England and the north-east of Scotland. Geothermal power is therefore a currently underdeveloped source of renewable energy in the United Kingdom but has the potential to become a reliable and environmentally friendly source of power over the next few decades. The development of technology should also help to strengthen the support behind geothermal energy, given that at any location on earth, deep down in the core there is the potential energy for geothermal power. If developments can be made the energy to be harnessed away from tectonic plate boundaries, then the power of geothermal energy could perhaps become unrivalled when compared to other renewable energy sources. The literature review will continue this debate as to the strengths and weaknesses of each particular renewable energy resource. 2: Literature Review This literature review will provide part of the secondary research into the research question posed at the beginning of the work. The aim; to identify successful alternative renewable energy sources to replace that of non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels) that currently are in demand today. Morgan (2007:9) stresses that while fossil fuels bring enormous benefits to the world, in term of the production of mass energy that has allowed global industry and technology, as well as levels of living to rise rapidly in the last one hundred and fifty years, there a number of negative aspects to non-renewable energy sources. The limited nature of the resources is one, but also the affects that the use of coal, oil and natural gas has on the environment is also a key factor in the need to develop renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly. Therefore this literature review will attempt to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the four main renewable energy types; solar, wind, biomass and geothermal and highlight a possible successful candidate or candidates that could take over in producing the large majority of global energy. In this manner, the four main types will need to be analysed in a number of key areas; cost, effectiveness, affect to the environment and aesthetics. Cost A good overview is provided by Freris Infield (2008). They highlight that after the United Kingdom government set the target of achieving 20% renewable energy in electricity supply by the year 2020, it became possible to analyse a cost for the proposed energy developments. An analysis completed in 2003 suggested that the extra cost for the development of renewable energy processes would represent an additional 0.3p/kWh on consumer electricity bills. This was focused primarily on wind power, as wind power is expected to contribute the majority of the renewable energy target (Freris Infield, 2008:215). Other scholars also support the view that wind power is the most expensive of the renewable energy processes. Ackermann (2005:300) acknowledges that the use of wind energy in remote areas is an exceedingly expensive option when trying to harness power from the earth, rather than using non-renewable energy sources. Quaak, Knoef and Stassen (1999) indicate their preferred method, through cost analysis, is that of Biomass. They state that the initial start up costs are less expensive than wind, solar and geothermal energy plants and also the longevity of the plants as compared to that of wind turbines (that need parts replacing on a regular basis) is a key factor in the cost analysis and that biomass is by far the cheapest of the renewable energy sources currently available (Quaark, Knoef Stassen, 1999:1). However, although Walker (2007) identifies that biomass is currently the cheapest form of energy, the scholar also states that solar power could become, over time, the cheapest form of energy. While solar panels are expensive, this is only because of the low number of them. Walker (2007:7) notes that solar cells would become dramatically less expensive if more people bought them, allowing the solar cell companies to reduce prices due to a healthy competition. The simple nature of solar power, combined with a drop in prices could aid the overall cost of the energy source, allowing it to become cheap and competitive with other renewable energy sources. Sass Duffield support the view of the cheap costs of geothermal energy as opposed to wind, biomass and solar energies. They state that geothermal energy, despite high initial installation and start-up costs, can dramatically lower monthly energy bills and therefore in the long term, or within a few years, the cumulative energy savings e qual the extra up-front costs and can become less expensive than other forms of energy. An interesting viewpoint is provided by Orr (2009:23) who indicates that at the current time, none of the existing renewable energies are cost effective and it is why governments across the globe are having to provide grants to develop them. The competitive nature of global society means that only cost effective and profit generating products succeed. Therefore, designers of renewable energy processes need to find ways to lower the costs of purchase for these energies in an attempt to rival cheaper and more established fossil fuel production. It is only in this way that renewable energies can hope to develop rapidly; to the benefit of the Earth. Effectiveness and reliability The effectiveness and reliability of an energy source is the most fundamental issue that surrounds its development. An energy that has low levels of effectiveness and low reliability rates will usually never be mass developed, due to the restrictive nature and high costs to gain a substantial yield. Wind power is suggested to have a relatively high effectiveness rating by Spilsbury Spilsbury (2007). However, other scholars stress that wind power is the least effective of all of the different renewable energies due to the loss of potential power through its design (Petersen, 1999). Other energies such as geothermal, with a 95% availability (Bracaloni et al, 1995) have a far higher efficiency rating. Quaark, Knoef Stassen (1999:52) also highlight the relative low efficiency rating of biomass energy, stating that conditions at times only allow a 25-35% efficiency rating. Lomborg (2001:134) stresses that the efficiency of solar cells is also around the 20% mark, indicating that geother mal energy is far more efficient that other forms of renewable energy. Environmental effects One of the key weaknesses of the fossil fuels and their use in energy production today is the negative effects that they have on the environment. The creation of carbon dioxide from the processes needed to create energy from coal, oil and natural gas has acted as a catalyst in lowering climate conditions across the globe. Therefore, one of the main aims for new renewable energy sources is to promote an environmentally friendly strategy. Lomborg (2001) identifies that one of the renewable energy sources being discussed lacks this strategy. Lomborg stresses that biomass energy production gives rise to a slew of pollution problems such as suspended particles, sulphur, nickel, cadmium and lead. This is supported by the Council of Europe (no date) who indicate that the weakness of biomass energy is that it produces relatively large amounts of fine particles and often also other air pollution like polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Compared to this, the Council stress that wind energy only causes some carbon dioxide and fine particle emissions in the construction phase, whereas solar energy appears to be the most environmentally friendly of the renewable energies. Chiras (2009) identifies this and supports the notion that solar power is perhaps the most environmentally friendly of all of the renewable energies. The construction phase causes less emissions than any other renewable source and the fact that industrial plants (such as that used for biomass and geothermal energy) are not required for solar power means that like wind power, once constructed there is no harm to the environment, with the solar panels soaking up the heat of the sun and transferring this into energy. Aesthetics The aesthetics of renewable energy is a key factor in gaining support for possible renewable energy sources. Gipe (2004) stresses that wind power often comes under a lot of scrutiny due to the developments of horizontal axis wind turbines that dominant certain landscapes. Gipe indicates that communities are generally against these being developed because of the ugly aesthetical factor. However, he also notes that due to the nature of wind turbines and wind energy, these locations are generally remote and therefore do not affect the majority of people. There is also the development of wind turbines at sea, which could possibly aid the reduction of resentment towards wind turbines. Moreover, Scheer (2007:200) underlines that the rejection of wind power on grounds of aesthetic landscape pollution is treacherous and short-sighted and cites key examples of previous architecture such as skyscrapers as precedents. He also argues that the benefits of wind power far outweigh any argument on a esthetics and therefore feels it is a pointless debate. Chandrasekharam and Bundschuh (2002) feel that there is a similar argument for geothermal and biomass energy plants. The aesthetic factor may often be overriding but the success of creating environmentally friendly (geothermal in particular), renewable energy should outweigh any decision as to the aesthetical impact of these new sources of energy. Summary A number of key concepts were analysed in this literature review. The review suggests that opinions over renewable energy sources and their potential success rates are divided. While there appears to be agreement in the literature over the importance of developing renewable energy sources due to the fact that fossil fuel supplies are decreasing dramatically and that they have an adverse effect on the environment, there is real debate as to the preferred methods of renewable energy. Perhaps the most important contributing factor may come down to cost, and the literature review suggested that the current cost for all renewable energy forms are too high and

Principle of Convergence and the Theme of Disempowerment Essay

The Principle of Convergence and the Theme of Disempowerment In this paper, I propose to present interpretations of six works by French artists, three painters (Watteau, Delacroix, and Manet) and three novelists (Zola, Proust, and Camus), and to report on the unexpected discovery (if it deserves to be called such) that these disparate works have certain principles of structuring in common. Let us eliminate from the outset a possible source of distraction : these studies are interdisciplinary in character, but that seems to have nothing to do with the discoveries made. One way to throw light on the meaning of a novel or a painting is to view it in the light of a concept drawn from another discipline. Thus the various modes of structuralism borrowed from structural linguistics, either directly (e.g. via certain seminal works of Roman Jakobson, such as his famous essay on metaphor and metonymy) or indirectly (e.g. as mediated by the structural anthropology of Claude LÃ ©vi-Strauss). Such is the nature of interdisciplinary research. It is especially appropriate and valuable when a key element or a central aspect of a text has manifestly not given up its secrets to any of the traditional or conventional modes of analysis. In analyzing these works, I have had recourse to psychology, psychoanalysis, transactional analysis, group behaviour theory, feminism and control theory. However, the discovery I am presenting does not appear to depend in any way on the interdisciplinary character of the perspectives used. Rather, it depends on the plausibility of the interpretation and the central character of the aspects of the work being interpreted. Complexity in L’Embarquement pour Cythere. — The rococo is generally though... ...often without any obvious link between these two features having been noticed previously, is unexpected, both for the art critic and the literary critic. Equally intriguing is the discovery that each of the works we have examined here leads the viewer/reader through a two-part drama of disempowerment and re-empowerment that takes very different forms but in its essence recurs over and over again. As far as I know, this has never even been suspected by any critic or historian. It would be very interesting to know just how many great works of art and literature can be better understood in the light of such concepts or clusters of concepts as those used here. When we have noted that all these works appear to represent variations on one and the same drama, we are left with an intriguing question that remains to be answered : do they all have the same function?

Picture Archiving and Communication System Essay

The Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS) is a system that permits several types of imaging including CT, MRI, plain X-rays, etc, to be captured, stored and transmitted electronically (using a computer). This would enable convenience for the doctors and other healthcare professionals in accessing and evaluating the images. Films have been used in medicine for more than 100 years. By using PACS, there is a great chance that the entire process of imaging would go from film to film-free, encouraging greater convenience and flexibility in accessing, storage, transmission and retrieval of the X-ray images (NHS, 2009). When PACS was initially developed (early 1980’s), all images including X-rays, CT scans and MRI scans were shot on films and then converted to images by taking frame-grabbed snapshots. Although technology was able to obtain snapshots of the CT and MRI scans on the computer, they were still converted to film and photographed, as plain X-rays had to be film-processed and then photographed. Once photographed, the images could be stored in the forms of files and folders on the computer system and shared over the LAN network. During the early 1990’s, there was also a chance of sharing radiographic images over an external network or with a dedicated gateway. During the 1990’s, the network connections were very slow and the images needed a greater bandwidth for effective transmission of images. Hence many of the PACS systems had failed to prevent digital transmission of information over a network of hospitals. The Hammersmith Hospital in London and the Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost in Vienna were the first hospitals in the Europe to employ the PACS system in the early 1990’s (Inchingol, 2001). Today, automatic capturing methods can be used with PACS (first captured images) and this has replaced conventional imaging techniques with digital ones. Certain protocols have been developed by several organizations including the DICOM standards (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Effectively, these two standards are utilized in managing the storage, input, retrieval and transmission of images. These protocols have been extended to use for laboratory and other healthcare settings which transmission of medical reports has been essential. Hospitals would play a major role in the management of the clinical data associated with the PACS system. DICOM is also ensuring that the end-users have greater conveniences in using the PACS system rather than creating greater problems and making issues more difficult. Another system known as Data and Picture Archiving and Communication System (DPACS) which was initiated by a university in Italy helps in several aspects including retrieval of images and remote consultation with specialists, transmission of information, etc. This system is superior and is capable of being used with other EMR tools. Several imaging machinery, hardware and software systems are based on DICOM. Newer management systems are effectively trying to integrate several components of the EMR with the PACS and develop a very strong integrated system. There are rapid changes in technology and the PACS systems have to stay abreast of the use of such technology. In the year 2000, only 5% of the hospitals in the US had a PACS system, which increased to 20 to 40 % in 2003 and 2004. PACS helps in the management of sensitive radiological data, and hence is very critical in handling the patients in various clinical setups (Inchingol, 2001). The use of a PACS system in a hospital may be initially very costly for the hospital, but in the long-run, there is set to be an advantage has PACS can help lower costs and provide several benefits in terms of quality standards, flexibility and the ease in transferring information to other hospitals. Some of the advantages of the PACS system include:- †¢ Images can be transferred anywhere over the network (or internet) and hence consultation with specialists can be organized across the world †¢ In the future, there would be several benefits as costs would come down, support would improve, standards would be more easily followed, technical innovations would be developed, etc †¢ PACS can be utilized across various setting including cardiology, oncology, surgery, nuclear medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, community medicine, etc. These specialists may require individual specialized images to be taken and used over the PACS. †¢ PACS promises to be a reliable and safe system †¢ Greater integration of the PACS with other systems such as the EMR, LIS, etc, to form what is known as the virtually integrated electronic patient record (VIEPR). In the early 1990’s, the implementation of a PACS system was very costly for the hospital. Some of the elements of the purchase of such a system included hardware, software, development of a network, infrastructure, support systems, etc. Initially, as PACS was newer technology, a hospital had to spend several millions on purchasing such a system. There was an even higher expenditure on running and maintaining such a system and the usage of electricity, and support staff. However, with time, technology of PACS became even cheaper, and there were several benefits noted including decrease in the number of lost images, reduced exposure to X-rays, higher quality of images, reduction in errors whilst observing the X-ray, etc (Bryan S, 1998). There is also a reduced need to use films, which helps reduce the costs of X-rays for the patient. However, it is important to note than although PCAS would ensure a film-free setup, there may be several situations in which films would also be required (Inchingol, 2001). The PCAS can be integrated with several systems including the radiology information system, HIS, VIEPR, etc. The vendors of all these systems should ensure greater amount of integration so that the functional efficiency would be able to be improved (Inchingol, 2001). Overall the PCAS has been implemented in several hospitals over the world and huge benefits are obtained in terms of reduction in costs, effectiveness, quality and access of healthcare, etc. Initially an organization may find it costly to implement such a system. However, in the long-run, there would be immense benefits and organizations would be able to recover the costs. Vendors also need to improve the integration of PCAS with other systems. Bibliography Bryan S, W. G. (1998). Costs and benefits of hospital-wide picture archive and communications systems (PACS): results from the evaluation of Hammersmith Hospital. Annu Meet Int Soc Technol Assess Health Care Int Soc Technol Assess Health Care Meet , 14: 84. http://gateway. nlm. nih. gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma? f=102237049. html Inchingol, P. (2001). Picture Archiving and Communications Systems in Today’s Healthcare. B u s i n e s s b r i e f i n g : n e x t – g e n e r a t i o n h e a l t h c a r e. http://www. wma. net/e/publications/pdf/2000/inchingolo. pdf NHS. (2009). Learn more about PACS. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from Connecting for Health NHS: http://www. connectingforhealth. nhs. uk/systemsandservices/pacs/learn

A Christian Nation Through The Eyes Of A Son Of Indian...

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